Geothermal Energy
LET US START THIS YEAR WITH A BOOM!
Happy New Year Everyone. This is just the beginning of your greatest year. Hope you learn a lot and get educated and informed from this blog about the what-so-called geothermal energy used in different kinds of form. Let's start this blog with a boom.
What is GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?
The Earth is believed to be extremely hot from within. This heat from the Earth's interior is a source of energy called geothermal energy. The heat of the Earth warms up water which is trapped in rock formations beneath its surface. [1]
ENERGY FROM THE VOLCANO
Since Philippines is a home to more than a hundred volcanoes, energy has been tapped from them. Actually, the Philippines ranks second in the world's production of geothermal energy. According to the Department of Energy, 14.4% of the country's total power generation is produced from geothermal energy. The production of electricity from geothermal energy is much cheaper than the electricity production using natural gas, coal, and hydropower. [1]
Earth's internal heat is thermal energy generated from radioactive decay and continual heat loss from Earth's formation. Temperatures at the core–mantle boundary may reach over 4000 °C (7,200 °F). The high temperature and pressure in Earth's interior cause some rock to melt and solid mantle to behave plastically, resulting in portions of the mantle convecting upward since it is lighter than the surrounding rock. Rock and water is heated in the crust, sometimes up to 370 °C (700 °F) [2]
Geothermal Power plant
(https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/1/15/14270240/geothermal-energy)
How is geothermal energy generated?
Geothermal energy is generated in two ways: geothermal power plants and geothermal heat pumps. They differ in the depth of heat source to produce energy.
In geothermal power plants, the heat from deep inside the Earth is used to produce steam to generate electricity compared with geothermal heat pumps that use the heat coming from close to the Earth’s surface to heat water or provide heat for buildings.
In the Philippines, geothermal power plants are used to generate electricity in the following provinces:
Tiwi in Albay
Kidapawan in North Cotabato
Calaca in Laguna
Tongonan in Leyte
Bago City in Negros Occidental
Valencia in Negros Oriental
Bacon in Sorsogon
Power plants are built in the area where it is particularly hot just below the surface such as near a group of geysers, hot springs, or volcanic activity.
According to the International Geothermal Association (IGA), worldwide, the Philippines ranks second to the United States in producing geothermal energy. As of 2010, the US had a capacity of 3093 megawatts of geothermal power, while that of the Philippines was 1904 megawatts. The Philippines was followed by Mexico with 958 MW.
Early statistics from the Institute for Green Resources and Environment stated that Philippine geothermal energy provides 16% of the country's electricity.
By 2005, geothermal energy accounted for 17.5% of the country's electricity production.[6] More recent statistics from the IGA show that combined energy from the nation's six geothermal fields, located in the islands of Luzon, Leyte, Negros and Mindanao, still accounts for approximately 17% of the country's electricity generation. Leyte island is where the first geothermal power plant, a 3 megawatt wellhead unit, started operations in July 1977.
Larger-scale commercial production of geothermal power began in 1979 with the commissioning of a 110-megawatt plant at Tiwi field in Albay province. IGA figures as of December 2009 show the nation's installed geothermal capacity stands at 1904 megawatts, with gross generation of 10,311 gigawatt-hrs for all of 2009, representing 17% of the nation's total power generation mix. [3]
The following steps are followed to generate electricity in a geothermal power plant:
1. Wells are drilled deep into the earth to pump steam or hot water to the surface.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure causes the water to turn into steam.
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that produces electricity
4. Cooling tower cools the steam which it condenses back to water.
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the earth to begin the process again.
[1]
References:
[1] Science Book
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_in_the_Philippines
CIPHER OF THE BLOG
The heat from the earth’s core continuously flows outward.
It transfers (_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _) to the surrounding layer of rock, the mantle. When temperatures and pressures become high enough, some mantle rock melts, becoming magma. Then, because it is lighter (less dense) than the surrounding rock, the magma rises (_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _), moving slowly up toward the earth’s crust, carrying the heat from below.
USE AFFINE CIPHER WITH KEYS 3,3
AND THEN USE ANAGRAM
